鼎灜科技官方论坛
标题:
IOS 蓝牙---广州鼎瀛APP开发专家
[打印本页]
作者:
admin
时间:
2014-10-1 16:20
标题:
IOS 蓝牙---广州鼎瀛APP开发专家
CoreBluetooth介绍
CoreBluetooth框架的核心其实是两个东西,peripheral和central, 可以理解成外设和中心。对应他们分别有一组相关的API和类,如下图所示:
如果你要编程的设备是central那么你大部分用到,反之亦然。在我们这个示例中,金融刷卡器是peripheral,我们的iphone手机是central,所以我将大部分使用上图中左边部分的类。使用peripheral编程的例子也有很多,比如像用一个ipad和一个iphone通讯,ipad可以认为是central,iphone端是peripheral,这种情况下在iphone端就要使用上图右边部分的类来开发了。
www.dyage.com
公司官网
ios/ipad/andriod客户端/OA进销存客户管理
软件定制/winCE、winMobile软件开发/JAVA/php/asp/.net大型资讯/SNS网站开发/400客服热线电话/网站推广/平面设计/windows
phone 客户端/电子商务/政府网站开发/winCE、winMobile ipad
官网:
www.dyage.com
四 服务和特征
有个概念有必要先说明一下。什么是服务和特征呢(service and characteristic)?
每个蓝牙4.0的设备都是通过服务和特征来展示自己的,一个设备必然包含一个或多个服务,每个服务下面又包含若干个特征。特征是与外界交互的最小单位。比如说,一台蓝牙4.0设备,用特征A来描述自己的出厂信息,用特征B来与收发数据等。
服务和特征都是用UUID来唯一标识的,UUID的概念如果不清楚请自行google,国际蓝牙组织为一些很典型的设备(比如测量心跳和血压的设备)规定了标准的service UUID(特征的UUID比较多,这里就不列举了),如下:
[objc]
view plain
copy
print
?
#define BLE_UUID_ALERT_NOTIFICATION_SERVICE 0x1811
#define BLE_UUID_BATTERY_SERVICE 0x180F
#define BLE_UUID_BLOOD_PRESSURE_SERVICE 0x1810
#define BLE_UUID_CURRENT_TIME_SERVICE 0x1805
#define BLE_UUID_CYCLING_SPEED_AND_CADENCE 0x1816
#define BLE_UUID_DEVICE_INFORMATION_SERVICE 0x180A
#define BLE_UUID_GLUCOSE_SERVICE 0x1808
#define BLE_UUID_HEALTH_THERMOMETER_SERVICE 0x1809
#define BLE_UUID_HEART_RATE_SERVICE 0x180D
#define BLE_UUID_HUMAN_INTERFACE_DEVICE_SERVICE 0x1812
#define BLE_UUID_IMMEDIATE_ALERT_SERVICE 0x1802
#define BLE_UUID_LINK_LOSS_SERVICE 0x1803
#define BLE_UUID_NEXT_DST_CHANGE_SERVICE 0x1807
#define BLE_UUID_PHONE_ALERT_STATUS_SERVICE 0x180E
#define BLE_UUID_REFERENCE_TIME_UPDATE_SERVICE 0x1806
#define BLE_UUID_RUNNING_SPEED_AND_CADENCE 0x1814
#define BLE_UUID_SCAN_PARAMETERS_SERVICE 0x1813
#define BLE_UUID_TX_POWER_SERVICE 0x1804
#define BLE_UUID_CGM_SERVICE 0x181A
#define BLE_UUID_ALERT_NOTIFICATION_SERVICE 0x1811 #define BLE_UUID_BATTERY_SERVICE 0x180F #define BLE_UUID_BLOOD_PRESSURE_SERVICE 0x1810 #define BLE_UUID_CURRENT_TIME_SERVICE 0x1805 #define BLE_UUID_CYCLING_SPEED_AND_CADENCE 0x1816 #define BLE_UUID_DEVICE_INFORMATION_SERVICE 0x180A #define BLE_UUID_GLUCOSE_SERVICE 0x1808 #define BLE_UUID_HEALTH_THERMOMETER_SERVICE 0x1809 #define BLE_UUID_HEART_RATE_SERVICE 0x180D #define BLE_UUID_HUMAN_INTERFACE_DEVICE_SERVICE 0x1812 #define BLE_UUID_IMMEDIATE_ALERT_SERVICE 0x1802 #define BLE_UUID_LINK_LOSS_SERVICE 0x1803 #define BLE_UUID_NEXT_DST_CHANGE_SERVICE 0x1807 #define BLE_UUID_PHONE_ALERT_STATUS_SERVICE 0x180E #define BLE_UUID_REFERENCE_TIME_UPDATE_SERVICE 0x1806 #define BLE_UUID_RUNNING_SPEED_AND_CADENCE 0x1814 #define BLE_UUID_SCAN_PARAMETERS_SERVICE 0x1813 #define BLE_UUID_TX_POWER_SERVICE 0x1804 #define BLE_UUID_CGM_SERVICE 0x181A
当然还有很多设备并不在这个标准列表里,比如我用的这个金融刷卡器。蓝牙设备硬件厂商通常都会提供他们的设备里面各个服务(service)和特征(characteristics)的功能,比如哪些是用来交互(读写),哪些可获取模块信息(只读)等。
五 实现细节
作为一个中心要实现完整的通讯,一般要经过这样几个步骤:
建立中心角色—扫描外设(discover)—连接外设(connect)—扫描外设中的服务和特征(discover)—与外设做数据交互(explore and interact)—断开连接(disconnect)。
1建立中心角色
首先在我自己类的头文件中要包含CoreBluetooth的头文件,并继承两个协议<CBCentralManagerDelegate,CBPeripheralDelegate>,代码如下:
[objc]
view plain
copy
print
?
#import <CoreBluetooth/CoreBluetooth.h>
CBCentralManager *manager;
manager = [[CBCentralManager
alloc
]
initWithDelegate
:self
queue
:nil];
#import <CoreBluetooth/CoreBluetooth.h>CBCentralManager *manager;manager = [[CBCentralManager alloc] initWithDelegate:self queue:nil];
2扫描外设(discover)
代码如下:
[objc]
view plain
copy
print
?
[manager
scanForPeripheralsWithServices
:nil
options
ptions];
[manager scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options
ptions];
这个参数应该也是可以指定特定的peripheral的UUID,那么理论上这个central只会discover这个特定的设备,
但是我实际测试发现,如果用特定的UUID传参根本找不到任何设备
,我用的代码如下:
[objc]
view plain
copy
print
?
NSArray *uuidArray = [NSArray
arrayWithObjects
:[CBUUID
UUIDWithString
"1800"],[CBUUID
UUIDWithString
"180A"],
[CBUUID
UUIDWithString
"1CB2D155-33A0-EC21-6011-CD4B50710777"],[CBUUID
UUIDWithString
"6765D311-DD4C-9C14-74E1-A431BBFD0652"],nil];
[manager
scanForPeripheralsWithServices
:uuidArray
options
ptions];
NSArray *uuidArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:[CBUUID UUIDWithString
"1800"],[CBUUID UUIDWithString
"180A"],[CBUUID UUIDWithString
"1CB2D155-33A0-EC21-6011-CD4B50710777"],[CBUUID UUIDWithString
"6765D311-DD4C-9C14-74E1-A431BBFD0652"],nil]; [manager scanForPeripheralsWithServices:uuidArray options
ptions];
目前不清楚原因,怀疑和设备本身在的广播包有关。
3连接外设(connect)
当扫描到4.0的设备后,系统会通过回调函数告诉我们设备的信息,然后我们就可以连接相应的设备,代码如下:
[objc]
view plain
copy
print
?
- (void)centralManager
CBCentralManager *)central
didDiscoverPeripheral
CBPeripheral *)peripheral
advertisementData
NSDictionary *)advertisementData
RSSI
NSNumber *)RSSI
{
if(![_dicoveredPeripherals
containsObject
:peripheral])
[_dicoveredPeripherals
addObject
:peripheral];
NSLog(@"dicoveredPeripherals:%@", _dicoveredPeripherals);
}
- (void)centralManager
CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral
CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData
NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI
NSNumber *)RSSI{ if(![_dicoveredPeripherals containsObject:peripheral]) [_dicoveredPeripherals addObject:peripheral]; NSLog(@"dicoveredPeripherals:%@", _dicoveredPeripherals);}
[objc]
view plain
copy
print
?
//连接指定的设备
-(BOOL)connect
CBPeripheral *)peripheral
{
NSLog(@"connect start");
_testPeripheral = nil;
[manager
connectPeripheral
:peripheral
options
:[NSDictionary
dictionaryWithObject
:[NSNumber
numberWithBool
:YES]
forKey
:CBConnectPeripheralOptionNotifyOnDisconnectionKey]];
//开一个定时器监控连接超时的情况
connectTimer = [NSTimer
scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval
:5.0f
target
:self
selector
selector(connectTimeout
userInfo
:peripheral
repeats
:NO];
return (YES);
}
//连接指定的设备-(BOOL)connect
CBPeripheral *)peripheral{ NSLog(@"connect start"); _testPeripheral = nil; [manager connectPeripheral:peripheral options:[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] forKey:CBConnectPeripheralOptionNotifyOnDisconnectionKey]]; //开一个定时器监控连接超时的情况 connectTimer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:5.0f target:self selector
selector(connectTimeout
userInfo:peripheral repeats:NO]; return (YES);}
4扫描外设中的服务和特征(discover)
同样的,当连接成功后,系统会通过回调函数告诉我们,然后我们就在这个回调里去扫描设备下所有的服务和特征,代码如下:
[objc]
view plain
copy
print
?
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central
didConnectPeripheral
:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
{
[connectTimer
invalidate
];//停止时钟
NSLog(@"Did connect to peripheral: %@", peripheral);
_testPeripheral = peripheral;
[peripheral
setDelegate
:self];
[peripheral
discoverServices
:nil];
}
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral{ [connectTimer invalidate];//停止时钟 NSLog(@"Did connect to peripheral: %@", peripheral); _testPeripheral = peripheral; [peripheral setDelegate:self]; [peripheral discoverServices:nil]; }
一个设备里的服务和特征往往比较多,大部分情况下我们只是关心其中几个,所以一般会在发现服务和特征的回调里去匹配我们关心那些,比如下面的代码:
[objc]
view plain
copy
print
?
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
didDiscoverServices
:(NSError *)error
{
NSLog(@"didDiscoverServices");
if (error)
{
NSLog(@"Discovered services for %@ with error: %@", peripheral.name, [error
localizedDescription
]);
if ([self.delegate
respondsToSelector
:@selector(DidNotifyFailConnectService:withPeripheral:error
])
[self.delegate
DidNotifyFailConnectService
:nil
withPeripheral
:nil
error
:nil];
return;
}
for (CBService *service in peripheral.services)
{
if ([service.UUID
isEqual
:[CBUUID
UUIDWithString
:UUIDSTR_ISSC_PROPRIETARY_SERVICE]])
{
NSLog(@"Service found with UUID: %@", service.UUID);
[peripheral
discoverCharacteristics
:nil
forService
:service];
isVPOS3356 = YES;
break;
}
}
}
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error{ NSLog(@"didDiscoverServices"); if (error) { NSLog(@"Discovered services for %@ with error: %@", peripheral.name, [error localizedDescription]); if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(DidNotifyFailConnectService:withPeripheral:error
]) [self.delegate DidNotifyFailConnectService:nil withPeripheral:nil error:nil]; return; } for (CBService *service in peripheral.services) { if ([service.UUID isEqual:[CBUUID UUIDWithString:UUIDSTR_ISSC_PROPRIETARY_SERVICE]]) { NSLog(@"Service found with UUID: %@", service.UUID); [peripheral discoverCharacteristics:nil forService:service]; isVPOS3356 = YES; break; } }}
[objc]
view plain
copy
print
?
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService
:(CBService *)service
error
:(NSError *)error
{
if (error)
{
NSLog(@"Discovered characteristics for %@ with error: %@", service.UUID, [error
localizedDescription
]);
if ([self.delegate
respondsToSelector
:@selector(DidNotifyFailConnectChar:withPeripheral:error
])
[self.delegate
DidNotifyFailConnectChar
:nil
withPeripheral
:nil
error
:nil];
return;
}
for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics)
{
if ([characteristic.UUID
isEqual
:[CBUUID
UUIDWithString
:UUIDSTR_ISSC_TRANS_TX]])
{
NSLog(@"Discovered read characteristics:%@ for service: %@", characteristic.UUID, service.UUID);
_readCharacteristic = characteristic;//保存读的特征
if ([self.delegate
respondsToSelector
:@selector(DidFoundReadChar
])
[self.delegate
DidFoundReadChar
:characteristic];
break;
}
}
for (CBCharacteristic * characteristic in service.characteristics)
{
if ([characteristic.UUID
isEqual
:[CBUUID
UUIDWithString
:UUIDSTR_ISSC_TRANS_RX]])
{
NSLog(@"Discovered write characteristics:%@ for service: %@", characteristic.UUID, service.UUID);
_writeCharacteristic = characteristic;//保存写的特征
if ([self.delegate
respondsToSelector
:@selector(DidFoundWriteChar
])
[self.delegate
DidFoundWriteChar
:characteristic];
break;
}
}
if ([self.delegate
respondsToSelector
:@selector(DidFoundCharacteristic:withPeripheral:error
])
[self.delegate
DidFoundCharacteristic
:nil
withPeripheral
:nil
error
:nil];
}
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error { if (error) { NSLog(@"Discovered characteristics for %@ with error: %@", service.UUID, [error localizedDescription]); if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(DidNotifyFailConnectChar:withPeripheral:error
]) [self.delegate DidNotifyFailConnectChar:nil withPeripheral:nil error:nil]; return; } for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics) { if ([characteristic.UUID isEqual:[CBUUID UUIDWithString:UUIDSTR_ISSC_TRANS_TX]]) { NSLog(@"Discovered read characteristics:%@ for service: %@", characteristic.UUID, service.UUID); _readCharacteristic = characteristic;//保存读的特征 if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(DidFoundReadChar
]) [self.delegate DidFoundReadChar:characteristic]; break; } } for (CBCharacteristic * characteristic in service.characteristics) { if ([characteristic.UUID isEqual:[CBUUID UUIDWithString:UUIDSTR_ISSC_TRANS_RX]]) { NSLog(@"Discovered write characteristics:%@ for service: %@", characteristic.UUID, service.UUID); _writeCharacteristic = characteristic;//保存写的特征 if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(DidFoundWriteChar:)]) [self.delegate DidFoundWriteChar:characteristic]; break; } } if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(DidFoundCharacteristic:withPeripheral:error:)]) [self.delegate DidFoundCharacteristic:nil withPeripheral:nil error:nil]; }
相信你应该已经注意到了,回调函数都是以"did"开头的,这些函数不用你调用,达到条件后系统后自动调用。
5与外设做数据交互(explore and interact)
发送数据很简单,我们可以封装一个如下的函数:
[objc]
view plain
copy
print
?
//写数据
-(void)writeChar:(NSData *)data
{
[_testPeripheral
writeValue
:data
forCharacteristic
:_writeCharacteristic
type
:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse];
}
//写数据-(void)writeChar:(NSData *)data{ [_testPeripheral writeValue:data forCharacteristic:_writeCharacteristic type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse];}
_testPeripheral和_writeCharacteristic是前面我们保存的设备对象和可以读写的特征。
然后我们可以在外部调用它,比如当然我要触发刷卡时,先组好数据包,然后调用发送函数:
[objc]
view plain
copy
print
?
-(void)msrRead
{
unsigned char command[512] = {0};
unsigned charchar *pTmp;
int nSendLen = 0;
unsigned char ucCrc[3] = {0};
_commandType = COMMAND_MSR_READ;
pTmp = command;
*pTmp = 0x02;//start
pTmp++;
*pTmp = 0xc1;//main cmd
pTmp++;
*pTmp = 0x07;//sub cmd
pTmp++;
nSendLen = 2;
*pTmp = nSendLen/256;
pTmp++;
*pTmp = nSendLen%256;
pTmp++;
*pTmp = 0x00;//sub cmd
pTmp++;
*pTmp = 0x00;//sub cmd
pTmp++;
Crc16CCITT(command+1,pTmp-command-1,ucCrc);
memcpy(pTmp,ucCrc,2);
NSData *data = [[NSData
alloc
]
initWithBytes
:&command
length
:9];
NSLog(@"send data:%@", data);
[g_BLEInstance.recvData
setLength
:0];
[g_BLEInstance
writeChar
:data];
}
-(void)msrRead{ unsigned char command[512] = {0}; unsigned char *pTmp; int nSendLen = 0; unsigned char ucCrc[3] = {0}; _commandType = COMMAND_MSR_READ; pTmp = command; *pTmp = 0x02;//start pTmp++; *pTmp = 0xc1;//main cmd pTmp++; *pTmp = 0x07;//sub cmd pTmp++; nSendLen = 2; *pTmp = nSendLen/256; pTmp++; *pTmp = nSendLen%256; pTmp++; *pTmp = 0x00;//sub cmd pTmp++; *pTmp = 0x00;//sub cmd pTmp++; Crc16CCITT(command+1,pTmp-command-1,ucCrc); memcpy(pTmp,ucCrc,2); NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithBytes:&command length:9]; NSLog(@"send data:%@", data); [g_BLEInstance.recvData setLength:0]; [g_BLEInstance writeChar:data];}
数据的读分为两种,一种是直接读(reading directly),另外一种是订阅(subscribe)。
从名字也能基本理解两者的不同。实际使用中具体用一种要看具体的应用场景以及特征本身的属性。前一个好理解,特征本身的属性是指什么呢?特征有个properties字段(characteristic.
properties
),它是一个整型值,有如下几个定义:
[objc]
view plain
copy
print
?
enum {
CBCharacteristicPropertyBroadcast = 0x01,
CBCharacteristicPropertyRead = 0x02,
CBCharacteristicPropertyWriteWithoutResponse = 0x04,
CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite = 0x08,
CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify = 0x10,
CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicate = 0x20,
CBCharacteristicPropertyAuthenticatedSignedWrites = 0x40,
CBCharacteristicPropertyExtendedProperties = 0x80,
};
enum { CBCharacteristicPropertyBroadcast = 0x01, CBCharacteristicPropertyRead = 0x02, CBCharacteristicPropertyWriteWithoutResponse = 0x04, CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite = 0x08, CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify = 0x10, CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicate = 0x20, CBCharacteristicPropertyAuthenticatedSignedWrites = 0x40, CBCharacteristicPropertyExtendedProperties = 0x80, };
比如说,你要交互的特征,它的properties的值是0x10,表示你只能用订阅的方式来接收数据。我这里是用订阅的方式,启动订阅的代码如下:
[objc]
view plain
copy
print
?
//监听设备
-(void)startSubscribe
{
[_testPeripheral
setNotifyValue
:YES
forCharacteristic
:_readCharacteristic];
}
//监听设备-(void)startSubscribe{ [_testPeripheral setNotifyValue:YES forCharacteristic:_readCharacteristic];}
当设备有数据返回时,同样是通过一个系统回调通知我,如下所示:
[objc]
view plain
copy
print
?
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
didUpdateValueForCharacteristic
:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic
error
:(NSError *)error
{
if (error)
{
NSLog(@"Error updating value for characteristic %@ error: %@", characteristic.UUID, [error
localizedDescription
]);
if ([_mainMenuDelegate
respondsToSelector
:@selector(DidNotifyReadError:)])
[_mainMenuDelegate
DidNotifyReadError
:error];
return;
}
[_recvData
appendData
:characteristic.value];
if ([_recvData
length
] >= 5)//已收到长度
{
unsigned charchar *buffer = (unsigned charchar *)[_recvData
bytes
];
int nLen = buffer[3]*256 + buffer[4];
if ([_recvData
length
] == (nLen+3+2+2))
{
//接收完毕,通知代理做事
if ([_mainMenuDelegate
respondsToSelector
:@selector(DidNotifyReadData)])
[_mainMenuDelegate
DidNotifyReadData
];
}
}
}
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error{ if (error) { NSLog(@"Error updating value for characteristic %@ error: %@", characteristic.UUID, [error localizedDescription]); if ([_mainMenuDelegate respondsToSelector:@selector(DidNotifyReadError:)]) [_mainMenuDelegate DidNotifyReadError:error]; return; } [_recvData appendData:characteristic.value]; if ([_recvData length] >= 5)//已收到长度 { unsigned char *buffer = (unsigned char *)[_recvData bytes]; int nLen = buffer[3]*256 + buffer[4]; if ([_recvData length] == (nLen+3+2+2)) { //接收完毕,通知代理做事 if ([_mainMenuDelegate respondsToSelector:@selector(DidNotifyReadData)]) [_mainMenuDelegate DidNotifyReadData]; } }}
6 断开连接(disconnect)
这个比较简单,只需要一个API就行了,代码如下:
[objc]
view plain
copy
print
?
//主动断开设备
-(void)disConnect
{
if (_testPeripheral != nil)
{
NSLog(@"disConnect start");
[manager
cancelPeripheralConnection
:_testPeripheral];
}
}
//主动断开设备-(void)disConnect{ if (_testPeripheral != nil) { NSLog(@"disConnect start"); [manager cancelPeripheralConnection:_testPeripheral]; }}
六 成果展示
上几张效果图,UI没怎么修饰,主要关注功能,实现了读取磁道信息,与金融ic卡进行APDU交互等功能。
欢迎光临 鼎灜科技官方论坛 (http://www.dyage.com/bbs/)
Powered by Discuz! X2.5